1 Introduction to Nongak.
[Origin]
The term Nongak refers to music played by farmers while farming.
It originated from the idea of increasing work efficiency and reducing fatigue during difficult tasks such as weeding, weeding, and planting rice seedlings, and further encouraging cooperation.
Therefore, Nongak is also called Pungjaeng (豊錚) to pray for a good harvest.
There are theories about the origin of Nongak play, such as the theory of good harvest and safe harvest, the theory of military music, and the theory of its relationship to Buddhism.
[Playing tools and locations]
A group of people who play Nongak is called a Nongak dan (農樂團).
A Nongak dan is largely composed of three groups: a flag bearer (旗手) holding a yeonggi (令旗) or nonggi (農旗), a jap for Nongak performance, and a miscellaneous group including a prostitute, a dancer, and a nobleman clown.
The instruments used in Nongak are kkwaenggwari, jing, janggu, buk, sogo, and taepyeongso.
Nongak is a popular game, so many people dance and sing in a large yard or field.
2 Playing Method
Nongak is divided into several types.
Danggut is a ritual performed at the village’s Seonangdang, and madangbalgi refers to Nongak bands visiting each house on New Year’s Day to perform a ritual.
Geollipgut refers to Nongak performed by Geollippae while going around the village to perform a ritual and collect money and rice, and Duregut is a Nongak play performed during the summer when hoe-geolli is used to increase work efficiency.
Pangut is a Nongak band such as Geollippae or Durepae performing a play for spectators.
- Clothing The basic clothing of Nongak bands in the old days was a plain or plain jacket, pants, and straw shoes. Only the person who turned the sangmo wore the sangmo, and all the other members of the Nongak band wore the gokal. Currently, the Nongak band members wear a gokal or jeonrip (戰笠) with flower petals in blue, red, yellow, and white, and the Nongak uniform. The kkwaenggwari players, such as the sangsoe, wear a sangmo with a long belt, the yangban clown wears a dopo (coat) with a jeongjagwan (gwan), and the monks wear a gokal and jangsam (long robe).
- Rhythm and formation The rhythms used in Nongak vary depending on the region, and generally include the gutgeori type, jajinmolli type, taryeong type, and nanmolli type. In the Guro region, the gutgeori type and jajinmolli type were used the most. There are also formations in Nongak, such as Obangjinnori, Iljajinnori, Eight-moon Geumsaejinori, Yukhwajinnori, Hwanjin, Gyochejinnori, Gasaejinnori, Durumalijinnori, and Dolimjinnori.
- Types Types of Nongak games include Eight-character game, Cross game, Left-right shimchi game, Four-way baek-i game, Eight-beopgo game, Milbeopgo game, Beopgo game, Twelve-foot Sangmodolligi, Mudong game, and Sangmodolligi.
3 The scenery of Nongak
4 Link to concern Culture in Kore